摘要： 基于2019年5月至2020年9月的调查数据，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、Margalef种类丰富度指数(d)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)、丰度/生物量曲线等对全面退捕前太湖鱼类群落的状态及其多样性等进行研究。共调查到鱼类9目17科51属65种，其中鲤科鱼类占55.38%，新记录太湖鱼类2种，为纹缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger trigonocephalus)和花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)。按洄游类型、栖息水层、食性三类生态类型，太湖鱼类主要为定居性鱼类、中上层鱼类以及肉食性和杂食性鱼类。刺网和地笼的CPUE平均值分别为 4 287.03±515.94和626.32±91.24 g·net-1·12 h-1。优势种为刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)，其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef种类丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.34、2.10和0.68，鱼类物种多样性水平一般，鱼类个体小型化。单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明，太湖鱼类群落组成的时间和空间变化均显著(P<0.05)。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC)分析表明，太湖鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态。研究结果为太湖渔业资源的保护、管理等提供科学依据。
Abstract: A field survey in Lake Taihu was performed from May 2019 to September 2020 before a full fishing ban was implemented. We analyzed the community structure and diversity of fish by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef’s species richness index, Pielou’s evenness index, analysis of similarity and abundance-biomass comparison curves. In total, 65 species were collected, belonging to 51 genera, 17 families, and 9 orders. Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, accounting for 55.38% of the total species captured. Tridentiger trigonocephalus and Anguilla marmorata were first recorded in Lake Taihu. Settled fish species were the most frequent of the three ecological groups, and pelagic fish species were the most frequent of the three habitat types, whereas carnivore and omnivore fish species were the most frequent of the five feeding functional groups. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) using gill net and cage net were 4 287.03±515.94 and 626.32±91.24 g·net-1·12h-1, respectively. Coilia nasus, Carassius auratus, and Cultrichthys erythropterus were the dominant species. The mean values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef’s species richness index, and Pielou’s evenness index were 2.34, 2.10 and 0.68, indicating that its fish diversity level was moderate, with the fact of miniaturization of fish. ANOSIM (analysis of similarity) revealed that the fish species composition of Lake Taihu varied significantly in spatio-temporal distribution patterns (P<0.05). Abundance-biomass curves (ABC) of fish community indicated that the community was seriously disturbed. The study can provide a scientific basis for protection and management of fishery resources in Lake Taihu.
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刘燕山, 李大命, 朱明胜, 陆建明, 贾文方, 张凤侠, 沈冬冬, 张 增, 吴天柱, 张彤晴. 太湖鱼类群落现状及其多样性
[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022, 31(9): 1906-1917.
LIU Yan-shan, LI Da-ming, ZHU Ming-sheng, LU Jian-ming, JIA Wen-fang, ZHANG Feng-xia, SHEN Dong-dong, ZHANG Zeng, WU Tian-zhu, ZHANG Tong-qing. Current Status of Fish Community and Its Diversity in Lake Taihu, China[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2022, 31(9): 1906-1917.
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链接本文:
https://yangtzebasin.whlib.ac.cn/CN/10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202209004
https://yangtzebasin.whlib.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V31/I9/1906